Cervical cancer has seen a decrease in mortality rates thanks to improved screening and vaccination. However, awareness and early detection remain crucial in combating this disease. Fortunately, you can learn all about cervical cancer right now, which could help you spot early symptoms.
What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It’s primarily caused by persistent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Although most HPV infections don’t lead to cancer, some types can cause cervical cancer. Luckily, regular cervical screening tests (Pap test) and HPV vaccination can help prevent cervical cancer. Women of all ages are at risk, but it most often affects women aged 30 to 45.
Early Warning Signs of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer typically presents no symptoms. As it progresses, however, symptoms may become more apparent. These may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause.
Unusual vaginal discharge, which may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odor; pelvic pain or pain during intercourse are also warning signs.1 These symptoms can also be caused by other health conditions, so it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis if you experience any of them.
Treating Cervical Cancer: What Are My Options?
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the size of the tumor, the patient’s age, and overall health. That said, early-stage cervical cancer is typically treated with surgery to remove the tumor or the entire cervix.
Advanced cases may require a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Emerging treatments like targeted therapy and immunotherapy are also being explored.2 Regular follow-ups post-treatment are important for monitoring and managing any potential complications or recurrence.
Risk Factors Beyond HPV for Cervical Cancer
While HPV infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, there are other factors that can increase the risk of developing the disease. Smoking, for instance, doubles the risk of cervical cancer, as harmful chemicals in tobacco affect cervical cells. Additionally, women with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV or those taking immunosuppressive medications, are more vulnerable to HPV infections that could lead to cancer.
Long-term use of oral contraceptives and multiple full-term pregnancies have also been linked to a higher risk of cervical cancer. Being aware of these risk factors can help women make informed decisions about their health and screening.
The Importance of the HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine is a crucial preventive measure against cervical cancer. It is highly effective at protecting against the strains of HPV that are most likely to cause cervical cancer. The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls, ideally before they become sexually active, as it works best when given before any exposure to the virus.
However, adults who did not receive the vaccine in their youth may still benefit from vaccination. Widespread vaccination programs have already significantly reduced the incidence of HPV-related cervical cancer, making it an important public health tool in reducing cervical cancer rates globally.
Learn More About Cervical Cancer Today
Being informed about cervical cancer, from understanding its causes to recognizing early warning signs, is vital for all women. Early detection through regular screenings is key to successful treatment and can significantly reduce the risk of developing advanced cervical cancer.
If you have concerns or are experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider. Continue learning about cervical cancer, including preventive measures and the latest treatment options, to protect yourself.